Using the Case Study Provided at the End of the Module...

MODULE 4 Using the case study provided at the end of the module identify and explain the client’s issues and devise a course of treatment for him, taking into account any ethical issues. Mr X is a 45 year old estate agent who has been with the same company for eighteen years and has a number of issues. He has reservations about applying for the manager’s job despite a deep rooted knowledge that he can do the job, he has social issues with his colleagues and it appears other areas of his life too. Despite his age he still seems to be under the spell of his mother and appears to pay to much attention to her beliefs rather than his own. His personal life is†¦show more content†¦At this point I expressed to him that hypnotherapy is completely safe and at no point throughout it would he not be in control. It was important to emphasise this to Mr X due to his confidence issues. He needed to know that he would be capable of making decisions at all times and nothing would happen that he didn’t want to. I suggested that we would need three to five sessions, analysing and evaluating the situation as we progressed. His motivation would also play a big rol e in the chances for success and Mr X understood this and expresses his burning desire to change his thought processes and opinion of himself. I explained to Mr X that we would be aiming to access his subconscious mind whilst in a trance state to re programme his negative belief systems. He needs to change the way his subconscious makes him think and feel so he experiences a sense of self acceptance and worth. A positive and uncompromising approach needs to be undertaken. Through my hypnotherapy sessions with him I would be aiming to eliminate past negative programming in order for Mr X to experience a certain degree of contentment in his daily life and a feeling of freedom from the tyranny of his own self degradation. It is major goal of the therapy to permanently improve his self esteem by re programming the sub conscious. Mr X attended his first proper session of hypnotherapy with me thenShow MoreRelatedUsing the Case Study Provided at the End of the Module Identify and Explain t he Client’s Issues and Devise a Course of Treatment for Him, Taking Into Account Any Ethical Issues.1905 Words   |  8 PagesPresenting Issue and Background Mr X is a 45 year old man who has worked at the same Estate Agency for 18 years. He has presented to me with the issue that he would like to apply for the manager’s position at his branch but his lack of confidence is holding him back. Mr X has stood in for the current manager on many occasions so he knows that he is capable of doing the job but has reservations as he doesn’t want to cause any upset amongst the other staff or management if he is not successful. Read MoreCase Study of Mr X4288 Words   |  18 PagesESSAY TITLE â€Å"Using the case study provided at the end of the module identify and explain the client’s issues and devise a course of treatment for him taking into account any ethical issues† Introduction - Mr X case study Mr X is 45 and has worked for the same company for 18 years. He is not married but has a â€Å"sort of girlfriend†. His mother is in a home and he visits her regularly, due to this he is unable to socialize with his colleagues. 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Wilson and Colin Gilligan to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the CopyrightRead MoreChange Management49917 Words   |  200 Pagesalteration of status quo or making things different. It may refer to any alteration which occurs in the overall work environment of an organization. When an organizational system is disturbed by some internal or external force, the change may occur. The change is modification of the structure or process of a system, that may be good or even bad. It disturbs the existing equilibrium or status quo in an organization. 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Impact of Internet Thinking Free Essays

September 24, 2010 †¢ Volume 20, Issue 33| Is the Web changing the way we think? | | By Alan Greenblatt OverviewRecently at lunch, Eric Wohlschlegel announced, â€Å"I have to take a BlackBerry pause. †Plenty of people interrupt social and business meetings to check messages on their mobile devices. There was a time just a few years ago, Wohlschlegel recalls, when his employer didn’t require him to have a BlackBerry. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Internet Thinking or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now, as a spokesman for the influential American Petroleum Institute, Wohlschlegel is expected to be in constant contact with the world at large, fielding some 200 work e-mails a day. He doesn’t have the option of tuning them out. But when circumstances forced him to, he had a hard time adjusting. His BlackBerry stopped working at just the same time that his home computer crashed, leaving him disconnected, and disoriented. â€Å"You always fantasize about that one day when you sit back and go golfing,† he says. â€Å"But then when you have a moment without being connected, you realize how significant it is and what you’re missing. †Meanwhile, Wohlschlegel kept checking the empty holster on his hip, out of habit.Many people describe feeling â€Å"phantom vibrations† signaling incoming messages after their smartphones have gone bust. People today are more connected than ever, visiting social-media sites, checking headlines on the Web and texting, e-mailing and instant-messaging. The Internet has become the focus of many people’s lives — the place where they socialize, shop, do their work and view and listen to entertainment. Mobile phones, with their instant-messaging, Web-surfing and online-shopping capabilities, can link people to the Internet and to each other at just about anytime, anywhere. Texting and IMing my friends gives me a constant feeling of comfort,† a student wrote. Some researchers worry the Internet might even be addictive like substances such as alcohol and tobacco. (AFP/Getty Images/Lakruwan Wanniarachchi) | â€Å"Texting and IMing my friends gives me a constant feeling of comfort,† a University of Maryland student wrote after being asked to refrain from using electronic media for a day. â€Å"When I did not have those two luxuries, I felt quite alone and secluded f rom my life. There’s no question that Americans are engaging more than ever with electronic media. According to a Ball State University study conducted last year, most Americans spent at least 8. 5 hours per day looking at screens — a television, computer monitor or mobile phone, and frequently two or three at once. Television viewing has not gone down in the Age of the Internet — but reading printed works has. Near-constant use of the Internet can not only be habit forming but also something that comes to be expected by others.Because text-messaging and Twitter allow people to respond instantly, friends may expect you to respond instantly. Noting that one teen in California had sent 300,000 texts in a month, William Powers writes in Hamlet’s BlackBerry, his 2010 book about the impact of technology on contemporary life, â€Å"The goal is no longer to be ‘in touch,’ but to erase the possibility of ever being out of touch. †Use of the Internet and handheld devices while driving can also be deadly, Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood warned Sept. 21, calling for a crackdown on distracted driving.More than 5,000 deaths and nearly half a million accidents were caused last year by distracted driving, he said, citing National Highway Safety Administration figures. Automakers have supported bans on text-messaging and using handheld cell phones while driving, but they have introduced other distractions, he said. â€Å"In recent days and weeks, we’ve seen news stories about carmakers adding technology in vehicles that lets drivers update Facebook, surf the Web or do any number of other things instead of driving safely,† he said.Technology is also creating expectations that people will be available to work at virtually any time of the night or day. A Chicago police sergeant has filed a federal lawsuit, arguing that his availability during off hours via BlackBerry entitles him to overtime pa y. â€Å"Giving a workaholic a laptop is like giving an alcoholic a bottle of gin,† says E. Jeffrey Hill, a sociologist at Brigham Young University. â€Å"It enables just that kind of compulsive behavior. There’s now a serious debate going on within therapeutic circles about whether people can become addicted to the Internet in the way that they might become addicted to chemical substances. And there’s a broader debate taking place about whether the Internet is changing the way people think. Much of that debate has been triggered by journalist Nicholas Carr, author of the controversial 2008 Atlantic article â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid? † He has since expanded his ideas into a book called The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains.Carr says the Internet is an unmatched tool for communications and information but argues that it can have bad effects on our brains. The Internet, he says, speaks to the parts of our brain that are attracted to movement, visual imagery and novelty — primitive parts of the brain that do not lend themselves to deep thought and contemplation. â€Å"There’s a whole realm of thought that I think is very important to the richness of our personal intellectual lives, and also very important to the building of culture, that requires an attentive mind,† Carr said. We don’t want to sit alone in a dark room thinking about one thing all day long, but neither do we want to be processing a constant influx of texts and messages and doing Google searches and clicking on links all day long. And yet, that is where I think as a society we’re headed. †The advent of each new communications medium launches a debate about whether it will help to democratize culture, or dumb it down. The question of whether popular taste is being ruined or cheapened has come up with many new forms of communication , including movies, television, paperback books, comic books, video games and blogs.Jonah Lehrer, the author of How We Decide, a book about the brain and decision-making, and a blogger for Wired, the technology publication, argues that Carr’s concerns are overstated. Sure, people need to put down their devices once in a while to allow themselves to daydream, he says, but he argues that the Internet provides far more than enough information to justify the distractions that come along with its use. | â€Å"There’s no doubt that we’ve come to depend on these tools radically in the last five to 10 years,† Lehrer says. When an iPhone gets dropped and smashed and we have to wait for it to be fixed — we’ve all had that anxiety. But I would frame that anxiety as a sign of how useful these tools are for us, not how they’re corrupting our Pliocene brain. †Some people have compared the Internet to an outboard brain or separate hard drive, capable of remembering far more than a human brain can — or needs to. â€Å"It’s no longer terribly efficient to use our brains to store information,† according to Peter Suderman, a writer for the American Scene, an online magazine. Rather than memorizin g information, we now store it digitally and just remember what we stored. †It may be that having to remember information such as friends’ phone numbers was just a â€Å"frozen accident† of history, something that we won’t miss, as New York University technology professor Clay Shirky writes. But Carr argues that the Internet makes it harder to remember anything, that the influx of competing messages interferes with the physical mechanics of the brain that move information into long-term memory. â€Å"Almost ertainly, downtime lets the brain go over experiences it’s had, solidify them and turn them into permanent long-term memories,† says Loren Frank, a psychologist at the University of California, San Francisco. When the brain is constantly stimulated, he said, â€Å"you prevent this learning process. †Carr cites studies that suggest that the Internet can change the way the brain acts. One, by Gary Small, a psychiatrist at the University of California, Los Angeles, and coauthor of the book iBrain: Surviving t he Technological Alteration of the Modern Mind, found that people’s brains changed in response to Internet use.Experienced Google users displayed different neurons on brain imaging scans than novices — but the novices’ brains reacted the same way after just a few days of limited Web surfing. â€Å"You can change the brain relatively quickly,† Small says. Small isn’t worried the Internet is â€Å"going to rot our brains. † But he does say it’s having profound effects on our lives that we’re only starting to grapple with. â€Å"It’s created a whole new age, or stage of human development,† Small says. â€Å"You think of the printing press or the development of agriculture,† he continues. This is up there, or even beyond it. †As people grapple with the idea that the Internet may be changing thought and behavior, here are some of the questions they’re debating:Does the Internet make us smarter? The Pew Internet amp; American Life Project put a variation of Nicholas Carr’s question — â€Å"Does Google make us stupid? † — to hundreds of technology experts. A majority disagreed with Carr’s premise, but their ideas about how intelligence had been reshaped by the Internet ranged widely. Some felt that people were freed up from rote tasks such as memorization of facts.That could end up meaning that we have to redefine what we mean by intelligence, as machines take up a greater share of the tasks once left to the human mind. Some stated their belief that the Internet had helped create a â€Å"hive brain† that allows people to share thoughts and come to collective solutions to complex problems together. â€Å"There’s a pretty broad feeling among lots of technology users that these tools can serve their needs in new ways,† says Lee Rainie, who directs the Pew project. â€Å"You can gather up information quickly and easily, which might have taken you enormous amounts of time in an earlier age,† he says. At the same time, people will moan and groan about the distractions that these devices bring into their li ves. †No one disputes that the Internet has made much more information readily available to just about anyone. â€Å"It’s been a boon in that it gives access to all kinds of stuff that a crummy high-school library wouldn’t have even come close to having,† says Robert Thompson, a professor of popular culture at Syracuse University. But Thompson worries that the way Google filters information makes it potentially less useful, in certain respects.He jokes that good students will cite material from the third page of links that a Google search calls up, while bad students will not look past the first page. â€Å"The problem is that so much of the stuff that would really be a boon is not used, because it’s not on the first page of a Google search,† he says. The narrowing of information — necessary given the glut that’s now available — can cause problems even among serious researchers. Lehrer, the author of How We Decide, cites a stu dy indicating that since scientific papers have been widely available online, fewer of them are being cited. Even though we have access to all sorts of information, we seem to be citing the same texts,† Lehrer says. â€Å"The Internet allows us to filter our world, to cherry-pick our facts. It’s just human nature writ large. †David Levy, a professor at the University of Washington’s Information School, says that the rapid transmission and accumulation of knowledge made possible by technology is helpful, but he worries that information overload can have some ill effects. Namely, he’s concerned that the flood of information leaves people with no time to think. There’s another piece of the process of learning and growing and getting information further assimilated, and that’s the time for contemplation,† he says. â€Å"We’re just not allowing ourselves sufficiently the time to do deeper reflection. †Paul Saffo, managing director for Discern Analytics, a Silicon Valley forecasting firm, says there’s a case to be made that the Internet is helping to make individuals smarter. There have been studies showing that not just Web searches but also video games are good at stimulating and strengthening parts of the brain. Video games turn out to be amazing for the brain,† Lehrer says. â€Å"They’re like doing pushups for the brain. †But Saffo worries, too, that the Internet ethos of instant and ever-changing information can have its deleterious effects on society as a whole. â€Å"The collective impact of this technology causes more people to look at and concentrate on the immediate at the expense of the long-term,† he says. This effect of everyone concentrating solely on the moment can lead to catastrophic mistakes and have an ill effect on democracy, Saffo suggests. This is the dark side of the eternal present,† he says. â€Å"There’s no capacity to step back and frame things in different ways. Anyone who dares think long-term will be taken down. †In his Atlantic article and follow-up book The Shallows, Carr is careful to state that the Internet has been enormously beneficial in a number of ways. Critics of his book nevertheless contend that he has overstated the extent of the problems of concentration and deep thought created or exacerbated by technology. To the extent that people skim, get distracted or fail to think deeply about the words and images flitting across their screens — well, people have always found ways to avoid thinking too deeply. Long before Twitter, there were television sitcoms, Lehrer points out. And long before people could waste time playing Minesweeper and Scrabble online, there were plenty of games made out of cardboard and plastic. But Carr argues that the Internet is not simply a tool for distraction and time wasting. He says it affects how the brain processes information.In his book, Carr cites studies showing that people reading short stories with hyperlinks embedded in them retain a good deal less of the content than people who read them on the printed page, because the need to make decisions about whether to click on the links keeps them from concentrating on the text at hand. â€Å"Dozens of studies by psychologists, neurobiologists, educators and Web designers point to the same conclusion: When we go online, we enter an environment that promotes cursory reading, hurried and distracted thinking and superficial learning,† Carr writes in The Shallows. It’s possible to think deeply while surfing the Net, just as it’s possible to think shallowly w hile reading a book,† Carr continues, â€Å"but that’s not the type of thinking that technology encourages and rewards. †Getting used to technological distraction can cause problems in social settings, suggests Small, the UCLA psychiatrist. â€Å"We have a generation of digital natives with very strong techno-skills and very strong neuro pathways for multitasking and experiencing partial continuous attention and other wonderful adaptive skills,† Small says. But they’re not developing the face-to-face human contact skills. †There isn’t strong data about this, Small says, but the idea that young people, especially, have more difficulty interacting with people in person when they are texting other people with near-constancy is evident all around us, he suggests. â€Å"The Internet’s not making us stupid or smarter — it’s changing the way we’re processing information,† Small says. â€Å"You cannot stop the technology train,† he adds. â€Å"It’s way out of the station, coming down the tracks. You have to adapt. †Does the Web shorten attention spans?Human beings have always had a hard time sitting alone and staying quietly focused. The Internet has made this problem worse for many. It’s become common for people to complain that they no longer seem able to concentrate on one thing for very long. Most participants in a 2003 San Jose State University study said that they were reading more online but had difficulty giving â€Å"sustained attention† to the material. â€Å"I find that my patience with really long documents is decreasing,† a study participant said. â€Å"I want to skip ahead to the end of long articles. There are millions, if not billions, of Web pages and tens of thousands of smartphone applications, or â€Å"apps. † On any given screen, demands for a user’s attention may come from text, audio, video, competing graphics and hyperlinks to yet more pages.Viewing a busy Web page may be interrupted by e-mail alerts and status updates from social-media sites. â€Å"I love the iPad,† said Nicholas Negroponte, founder of MIT’s Media Lab, â€Å"but my ability to read any long-form narrative has more or less disappeared, as I am constantly tempted to check e-mail, look up words or click through. Not everyone thinks the Internet and mobile devices are shortening their attention spans. A May New York Times/CBS News survey found that less than 30 percent of those under age 45 believed the use of such technology made it more difficult for them to focus, while fewer than 10 percent of older users agreed. â€Å"People who do need to focus find the time to focus,† says Tim O’Reilly, president of O’Reilly Media, a technology research firm. â€Å"There’s plenty of focused thinking going on. Even apparent distractions — getting pulled every which way by various stimuli — are not necessarily evidence that people are having a harder time paying attention, says Thompson, the professor of popular culture. â€Å"It’s a different kind of attention span than a Victorian gentleman sitting down with a leather-bound book for two hours,† he says. â€Å"When I look at an 8-year-old playing these complex video games with other people, I’m not sure what’s going on there, but it’s sure not a lack of attention span.They’re completely focused with all these multiple inputs. † | But a recent study showed that young children and college students who exceeded a two-hour-per-day limit on watching television and playing video games had a harder time paying attention in class. â€Å"In just one year, we would see attention problems in the classroom getting worse related to how much time kids are in front of television and video g ames,† said study coauthor Douglas Gentile, an associate professor of psychology at Iowa State University.And, Thompson concedes, playing video games and surfing the Net — a term that itself suggests skimming the surface — may lead only to facile thinking and not any great depth. To get at something valuable on the Web, often a user will have to dig through a great deal of extraneous material — a task from which many people are distracted by the constant possibility of interruption. And other media are coming to resemble Web pages. Magazine designs now include multiple fonts, myriad graphics and shorter stories than used to be the case.Television news channels have also reformatted their presentations, including more than one video presentation at a time, lots of graphics and scroll bars of texts — â€Å"a ton of competing information everywhere,† says Larry D. Rosen, a psychologist at California State University-Dominguez Hills and author of two books about young people’s use of technology. â€Å"Our attention span basically has diminished,† he says. â€Å"Our ability to focus on a task without switching to another task has diminished. It’s not an inherent change in the way we’re thinking.It’s a change in technology that forces us to change focus often. †But some studies suggest that the Internet may, in fact, be changing the way we’re thinking. â€Å"There is research that suggests the traits of attention deficit disorder are higher than they were a few years ago,† says Elias Aboujaoude, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral science at Stanford University. There’s not yet good data showing a causal effect, he points out, noting it’s possible that people who already had attention-span problems may be more drawn to technology. But there’s a lot of correlational research that, at any point in time, people who spend a lot of time online have shorter attention spans,† Aboujaoude says. The amount of distractions now available to people is taking its toll, Aboujaoude argues. â€Å"The price we pay for all this is that we live in a sound-bite culture now,† he says. â€Å"Anything that requires concentration, deliberation, pondering, deep, entrenched difficult thought, we don’t have the attention for. †It’s easy to make such claims and â€Å"to write scare stories about attention spans,† says Lehrer, the Wired blogger. But there’s value to the distractedness, too.Paying attention to a variety of things is a skill the Internet helps foster, Lehrer says. He compares it to the difference between walking for two miles through a busy city and walking through a quiet park. There’s a big supply of studies that walking through a city puts a â€Å"cognitive burden† on people because there are so many more things that compete for attention, he says. But there’s real value to being in cities, which afford people all kinds of interactions and access to more commerce and culture — much like a few of the benefits of the Internet. â€Å"The Internet is just like a city,† Lehrer says. It’s a trade-off, but in the end we’re willing to make the trade-off because it allows all sorts of new connections. †Are people addicted to the Internet? California entrepreneur Kord Campbell uses technology — a lot. Not only is he running an Internet startup company, but he plays video games, follows 1,100 people on Twitter and often falls asleep with a laptop or an iPhone cradled on his chest. He has a hard time putting his devices away, whether on family vacations or commuting by subway to San Francisco. He knows that one tunnel will cost him exactly 221 seconds of time online. Just before an important meeting is about to begin, Campbell can’t resist clicking on a link on Twitter to a story about a corpse. He finds himself annoyed that the article wasn’t interesting and gets distracted by a pop-up ad for jeans. â€Å"It’s some article about something somewhere,† he said. Campbell looks at so many screens so much that he sometimes misses important e-mails, makes costly mistakes in online stores, burns hamburgers on the grill and forgets to pick up his children. His difficulty with the concept of logging off may be extreme, but it’s not unusual. I have friends and relatives that carry BlackBerrys with them 24 hours a day, fully prepared to drop anything in their lives and work at a moment’s notice,† said Tim O’Leary, the head of a marketing firm. â€Å"I’m tethered to my laptop as if it were an oxygen machine I must cart around to keep me breathing. † | For Hilarie Cash, the problems people describe in trying to stay away from their computers and smartphones — such as poor nutrition, anxiety, irritability and the costs their habits impose on their relationships and work or schoolwork — are signs of â€Å"classic addiction. Cash runs a treatment center for Internet and video game addiction in Redmond, Wash. She notes that both China and South Korea have named Internet addiction as primary public-health concerns. It doesn’t matter, she says, whether people are addicted to pornography, games or simply the small thrill of getting a new message in their e-mail in-box. â€Å"If you’re Facebooking, you’re chatting, you’re doing something sexual that’s a lot of fun, then those reward pathways in the brain are lighting up and you’re in danger of getting addicted,† Cash says.The hit-and-miss nature of the Internet — with some websites being interesting, while ma ny are not — may make it an especially seductive medium. People talk about the â€Å"dopamine squirt,† the little bit of chemical excitement that occurs in the brain when something of interest pops up on the computer screen. Surfing the net or opening up e-mail, in this sense, is just like playing slot machines — you never know when you’re going to hit a winner, a state of uncertainty that leads sometimes to the strongest habits. That means that rather than reward an action every time it is performed, you reward it sometimes, but not in a predictable way,† said Tom Stafford, a lecturer in psychology at England’s University of Sheffield. â€Å"So with e-mail, usually when I check it there is nothing interesting, but every so often there’s something wonderful — an invite out, or maybe some juicy gossip — and I get a reward. †The standard diagnostic manual for mental disorders does not refer to excessive Internet use as an addiction. I like to save ‘addiction’ for obsessions that are rooted in a chemical basis,† such as drug and alcohol use, says John M. Staudenmaier, the editor of Technology and Culture. Many other technology expert s shy away from the term addiction, which they think is a term too lightly used in media accounts. Most people under the age of 20 may be clutching some kind of handheld device, says Syracuse University’s Thompson, but that has more to do with an expectation of availability to communicate at any given time than with a true compulsion.â€Å"We have to be careful not to slip into generational nostalgia about this,† he says. Someone from 1870 looking at us before the Internet would have thought our lives were insanely complicated — allowing movie theaters into our homes with television, with constant music in the background. †Rosen, the Cal State psychologist, says it’s not the amount of time you spend doing something that defines addiction, but its impact on other parts of your life. â€Å"If you can’t be on vacation and not check your e-mail, then it’s disrupting your family life,† he says. â€Å"If your wife is always complaining that she can’t get you off the computer to go to bed, then we’re talking about add iction. Others argue that, while people may spend excessive amounts of time browsing the Internet or texting, they can also spend too much time doing lots of other things. â€Å"If you applied these criteria to all kinds of behavior, it’s true about a lot of activities,† says Rainie, at the Pew Internet amp; American Life Project. â€Å"If you’re a passionate user, you lose sleep, it takes away from other parts of your life. †But kicking the Internet habit may take more than just a bit of self-discipline, says the University of Washington’s Levy.Just as doctors concerned with obesity talk about a â€Å"toxic food environment† in which it’s easy to make bad choices about food, the ubiquity of the Internet makes it especially hard for some people to shut it off. â€Å"The culture is making available and selling to us all kinds of things,† Levy says. â€Å"It would be a hell of a lot easier to exercise personal discipline if we weren’t constantly being exposed to things. †The term â€Å"addiction† itself may not be clinically accurate, suggests Aboujaoude, the Stanford psychiatr ist, but certainly there is something tempting for many people about Internet use. It’s only a matter of time before we isolate those parts of the brain that light up when we’re browsing or killing time on an app,† he says. For many observers, the question of whether people can truly be said to be addicted to the Internet is a matter of semantics. For millions of people, like California entrepreneur Campbell, it’s the first thing they turn to when they wake up and the last thing they do at night. â€Å"Call it addiction, call it human nature,† says Silicon Valley consultant Saffo. Samuel Johnson [the renowned 18th-century British author] observed that too often we go from anticipation to anticipation, and not from satisfaction to satisfaction. â€Å"The problem is, we have more and more media temptations. With ever more capable technologies comes a greater burden to choose wisely and well. †| About the Author | Alan Greenblatt is a freelance writer living in St. Louis. Currently, he writes about national and international news for NPR’s website. He has been a staff writer at Governing and Congressional Quarterly, where he won a National Press Club award for political journalism. How to cite Impact of Internet Thinking, Papers

multiple sclerosis Essay Summary Example For Students

multiple sclerosis Essay Summary 3/25/03Anatomy Period 1Multiple SclerosisMy aunt has had Multiple Sclerosis for about 11 years now. She started showing symptoms when she was 27. I remember the day that I walked into my parents room to find my mom on the phone crying. I stayed to listen to the conversation and when she was off the phone she told me what was going on. All I could do at that point was remember all of the times we went on bike rides and had a lot of fun. It was a really bad feeling knowing that we would never have the chance to do any of that again. It was really hard for my uncle to handle and I am sure it still is, but when ever I go over theyre house everyone is cheerful and easy to talk to. Whenever I get the chance I talk to my aunt and she is still very intelligent and fun to hold a conversation with. So if you ever see a person with a disease, do not be afraid to talk to them for they are very wise. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, often disabling disease that randomly attacks the central n ervous system. Specific symptoms of the disease can not be predicted. The symptoms may range from tingling and numbness to paralysis and blindness. MS is a devastating disease because people live with its unpredictable physical and emotional effects for the rest of their lives. My aunt has to be feed, bathed; she cannot do anything for herself. MS is a well-known disease, but poorly understood. In the United States there are about 200 new cases diagnosed each week. MS is a common disease and not always caused by genetics. Therefore, I feel we all need to have a better understanding of this disease that has no cure yet. My aunt has been in my prayers and many other peoples for a long time. I just want to see her get rid of the nasty disease. I hope to make MS more understanding in my paper. In my paper I will explain what MS is, who gets MS, what MS has to do with the metabolism, what some of the symptoms of MS are, and some treatments for MS. Multiple sclerosis is a progressive disabling illness that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. Under normal conditions these nerve cells are surrounded by an insulating sheath made of fatty myelin, which speeds the passage of nerve impulses.The disruption of nerve signals in the brain and spinal cord causes a variety of symptoms that affect vision, sensation, and body movements. My aunt has uncontrollable shaking whenever she tries to move. MS is a life-long chronic disease that starts in young adults who have a normal life expectancy. The economic, social, and medical costs associated with the disease are significant. Estimates place the annual costs of MS in the United States in excess of $2.5 billion. No one knows exactly how many people have MS. It is believed that there are approximately 250,000 to 350,000 people in the United States with MS. In addition, MS is the most common nerve disease to develop in young kids after birth, and about 1 million young adults have it around the world. Close relatives of a person with MS are 8 times more likely than average to develop the disease themselves, and children of a person with MS run 30 to 50 times the average risk. I should put my cousin in my prayers. Most people experience their first symptoms of MS between the ages of 20 and 40. Although scientists have documented cases of MS in young children and elderly adults, symptoms rarely begin before age 15 or after age 60. White people are more than twice as likely as other races to develop MS. In general, women are affected at almost twice the rate of men. To understand what is happening when a person has MS, you need to know a little about how the healthy immune system works. In autoimmune diseases such as MS, the dtente between the immune system and the body is disrupted when the immune system seems to wrongly identify self cells as nonself and declares war on the part of the body it no longer recognizes. Through intensive research efforts, scientis ts are unraveling the complex secrets of the malfunctioning immune system of patients with MS. Investigators are also looking for abnormalities or malfunctions in the blood/brain barrier, a protective membrane that controls the passage of substances from the blood into the central nervous system. It is possible that components of the immune system get through the barrier and cause nervous system damage, in MS. Viral infections are usually accompanied by inflammation and the production of gamma interferon, a naturally occurring body chemical that has been shown to worsen the clinical course of MS. It is possible that the immune response to viral infections may themselves precipitate an MS attack. My uncle had a viral infection and I think that that is how it started in my aunt. .u0bc4aa145a1a46126ce14eb5182b0029 , .u0bc4aa145a1a46126ce14eb5182b0029 .postImageUrl , .u0bc4aa145a1a46126ce14eb5182b0029 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0bc4aa145a1a46126ce14eb5182b0029 , .u0bc4aa145a1a46126ce14eb5182b0029:hover , .u0bc4aa145a1a46126ce14eb5182b0029:visited , .u0bc4aa145a1a46126ce14eb5182b0029:active { border:0!important; } .u0bc4aa145a1a46126ce14eb5182b0029 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0bc4aa145a1a46126ce14eb5182b0029 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0bc4aa145a1a46126ce14eb5182b0029:active , .u0bc4aa145a1a46126ce14eb5182b0029:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0bc4aa145a1a46126ce14eb5182b0029 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0bc4aa145a1a46126ce14eb5182b0029 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0bc4aa145a1a46126ce14eb5182b0029 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0bc4aa145a1a46126ce14eb5182b0029 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0bc4aa145a1a46126ce14eb5182b0029:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0bc4aa145a1a46126ce14eb5182b0029 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0bc4aa145a1a46126ce14eb5182b0029 .u0bc4aa145a1a46126ce14eb5182b0029-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0bc4aa145a1a46126ce14eb5182b0029:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reflection on Plato's Allegory of the Cave EssayThe genes a person inherits may help determine whether that person is at increased risk for developing MS. While there is evidence from studies that this genetic component exists, it appears to be only one factor among several. Most likely an individuals genetic blueprint determines if that individual will be susceptible to a triggering factor, which in turn initiates the autoimmune process that leads to the development of MS. In the past few years, scientists have found out how to pinpoint the genetic factors that give a person a chance to get MS. These tools are the methods of molecular geneticstechniques used to isolate an d determine the chemical structure of genes. Many physicians believe that the earlier MS is diagnosed and treatment begun, the better the outcome will be. Symptoms of MS may be small or severe, of a long time or short, and may appear in various combinations. Complete or partial remission of symptoms, especially in the early stages of the disease, occurs in approximately 70 percent of MS patients. The initial symptom of MS is often blurred or double vision, red-green color distortion, or even blindness in one eye. Visual problems tend to clear up in the later stages of MS. Fifty-five percent of MS patients will have an attack of optic neuritis at some time or other and it will be the first symptom of MS in approximately 15 percent. This has led to general recognition of optic neuritis as an early sign of MS, especially if tests also reveal abnormalities in the patients spinal fluid. My aunts first symptom was real bad blurred vision. Most MS patients experience muscle weakness in the ir extremities and difficulty with moving and balance at some time during the course of the disease. Speech impediments, tremors, and dizziness are other frequent complaints. Occasionally, people with MS have hearing loss. Approximately half of all people with MS experience cognitive impairments such as difficulties with concentration, attention, memory, and poor judgment, but such symptoms are usually mild and are frequently overlooked. The harsh symptoms of MS can affect the entire family as patients may become unable to work at the same time they are facing high medical bills and additional expenses for housekeeping assistance and modifications to homes and vehicles. My uncle has moved to three different houses due to my aunts condition. He finally moved next to my grandpa so he can help in the field and always be close to home. My cousin does home schooling because it would be too hard to find a ride for her as it is. My aunt with MS used to be a teacher and is still very smart so she teaches my cousin. The emotional drain on both patient and family is immeasurable. They have worked it out now so they are house is full of high spirits. Until recently, the principal medications physicians used to treat MS were steroids possessing anti-inflammatory properties. While steroids do not affect the course of MS over time, they can reduce the duration and severity of attacks in some patients. One of the most promising MS research areas involves naturally occurring antiviral proteins known as interferons. Two forms of beta interferon (Avonex and Betaseron) have now been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of MS. A third is marketed in Europe. Beta interferon has been shown to reduce the number of exacerbations and may slow the progression of physical disability. When attacks do occur, they tend to be shorter and less severe. In addition, MRI scans suggest that beta interferon can decrease myelin destruction. Right now, my aunt is taking Volume and Baclofen as muscle relaxers, Norco for pain and Vatascron which is specifically for MS. She used to get the bee sting treatment but that blew over and now sh e smokes medical marijuana on a daily basis. Also for relaxation she gets massages by my other aunt who is a masseuse. She says that getting massages helps her movement a little. I suppose it gets her blood flowing. .u98eb664fbb16e3b0056ff9af9509aa25 , .u98eb664fbb16e3b0056ff9af9509aa25 .postImageUrl , .u98eb664fbb16e3b0056ff9af9509aa25 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u98eb664fbb16e3b0056ff9af9509aa25 , .u98eb664fbb16e3b0056ff9af9509aa25:hover , .u98eb664fbb16e3b0056ff9af9509aa25:visited , .u98eb664fbb16e3b0056ff9af9509aa25:active { border:0!important; } .u98eb664fbb16e3b0056ff9af9509aa25 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u98eb664fbb16e3b0056ff9af9509aa25 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u98eb664fbb16e3b0056ff9af9509aa25:active , .u98eb664fbb16e3b0056ff9af9509aa25:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u98eb664fbb16e3b0056ff9af9509aa25 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u98eb664fbb16e3b0056ff9af9509aa25 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u98eb664fbb16e3b0056ff9af9509aa25 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u98eb664fbb16e3b0056ff9af9509aa25 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u98eb664fbb16e3b0056ff9af9509aa25:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u98eb664fbb16e3b0056ff9af9509aa25 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u98eb664fbb16e3b0056ff9af9509aa25 .u98eb664fbb16e3b0056ff9af9509aa25-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u98eb664fbb16e3b0056ff9af9509aa25:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Intrusive Author in Milan Kunderas The Unbear EssayIn conclusion, MS is a disease that is well known but poorly understood by the medical and nursing community as well as the public. It has no known cure and the genes that are accountable for it have not been pin pointed. The United States is capable of finding a cure for this disease. Over the years, medical researchers have found cures for many diseases that were thought incurable. Not only time and money are needed to find a cure for this disease, but faith and heart are needed to realize the importance of finding the cure.

While this English class was more of a reminder of Essays

While this English class was more of a reminder of what I learned in High School, it was a welcome refresher course. This reflection paper is supposed to be a reminder of my own thoughts for later use. In this reflection, I will talk about my feelings for the class. I will mention my thoughts for the paper, what I learned, and how it will help me with future endeavours. Overall, it will be a brief summary for and of my own thoughts. I thought that in this English class I would have more creative freedom with assignments. Having a topic chose for me to write was not that inspirational. The class overall reminded me of the key points of writing I learned in High School that I had forgotten. It also gave a refresher on how to cite and place references. These are all things I learned at a High School level, but it was nice to get a refresher on them all since I don't usually cite or use references when I type something. While not a beginner, I am no where near an expert. I type things all the time, but not at a professional level. I already learned how to write papers and use peer reviews, but was able to get used to them again in a school setting. I sort of felt like my peer reviews could have been better. The questions I needed to answer didn't sound like they would be as helpful to the peer I was reviewing as much as they could have been. Other than being reminded of how to cite sources and learning how to peer review with overwhelming kindness, I am not exactly sure I learned a great deal. However, I stay confident in my personal writings with topics I know more about. My essay took several forms. I usually start just writing down whatever comes to mind and polish it up after working on the paper for a while. That is when the organization of the paper comes into play. The final version took into account everything my teacher and peers said. They are trying to be helpful so clearly it is better to take what they say into account while keeping the paper as much my own as possible. I just need to remember to organize better so my paper is not as scatter brained as the first draft. I think I did well enough in this class. I am not very proud about anything since there was just one generic paper to write. Something I would do differently in the class would be to try and give one hundred percent to the paper from the start. I find it hard to write an amazing paper for a topic I do not take to heart. Though I think I did an alright job at it. I know that in the real world we are forced to do things we do not want to do, but I still wish we would have more topic freedoms. I did not use anything from my first three classes in this class. Actually I think having English first would have been better than having it fourth. I am not exactly sure how citing things will help me in the workplace, but it's good to know just in case I do need it. English all around is something I'll use in the workplace and in the rest of my classes. Should I need to write a paper for another class or type something for work, what I learned in English class will help me. In this class I was able to be reminded of all the finer points of English writing that I long forgot since High School. It was nice to get that refresher of grammar too. With all my thoughts placed together in this one paper, I will be able to reflect on it later on. I know that it will help me to remember this class should I need to recall something. Reflection is the better part of the day.

Influences On A Persons Identity Essays - Identity, Gender

Influences On A Persons Identity Essays - Identity, Gender Influences on a Person's Identity What influences a person?s identity? Is it their homes, parents, religion, or maybe where they live? When do they get one? Do they get it when they understand right from wrong, or when they can read, or are they born with it? Everyone has one and nobody has the same, is there a point in everyone?s life when they get one? A person?s identity is his own, nobody put it there and nobody can take it out. Everyone in this world has a different identity because they all make their own over the course of their life. A person?s identity also causes a person to have masculine and feminine traits. There is no one thing that gives a person their identity, there are however many different factors that contribute to one?s identity. What is someone?s identity? Is it the way they look, the way they dress, or it could be many things all put together, or is it none of the above? To me someone?s identity is a part of their being. Nobody will ever hold it, touch it, or even see it, but it is there. Everybody has one, it guilds your decision making, your thoughts, ideas, and dreams. You may think something is terrible while someone else does not even care and yet another person may laugh, why? The answer is simple, everyone has his own identity and personality. Everyone feels, acts, thinks, and dreams differently. People may have some of these things in common with one another, but they will not be totally the same, it is like a fingerprint, unique. There are many origins to a person?s identity, their family, friends, home life, religion, environment and others. But how does it get there, you do not go into a store and pick on off the shelf. A person?s identity is developed over many years and put together by the person themselves. It comes from the individuals ability to think, reason and form an opinion. Nobody has the same mind, or the same or the same conscious, so how could anyone have the same identity as another. A person?s identity is developed over many years from the time they become aware of their surroundings, to the time they decide if they are going to college, and even as they grow old there identity will change with them. As people?s dreams are dreamed and goals are accomplished their identities will change with the individual. Their aspirations and values will change, causing their identities to change with it. It may be a slight alteration or a major overhaul but there identity will adjust to the person. Gender is a major cause for a person?s identity. A person might act a certain way because of the gender that is given to them. Nature and identity might make a woman act the way that she does. Men and women are different because of society has set them up with. It is observed for men to be strong and women to be weak. raised. However with all these factors related to forming an identity the most important and most influential is the person themselves. We see people every day, some whom we want to be like and some we hope we never turn out like. With all the other outside factors to guide and help or push and hamper, the individual has the last say. You are the only on who says what you want to be like over the course of your life. Nobody will ever get inside your mind and do the thinking for you. Nobody can influence you, you may feel as if you are being forced to do something but you do not have to do anything. You make the final decision. However you act, think, and speak is totally up to you. People grow up all coming from all different kinds of places, backgrounds and families. They will all have different identities. Gender affects the decisions made by people. Their identity and the ?nature? of the person makes them act the way they do. Nobody is the same and nobody will ever be. All the outside influences will have an effect on their identities but the individual

The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life - An Overview

The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life - An Overview The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life is a book that was published in the U.S. in 1959, written by sociologist  Erving Goffman. In it, Goffman uses the imagery of theater in order to portray the nuances and significance of face-to-face social interaction. Goffman puts forth a theory of social interaction that he refers to as the dramaturgical model of social life. According to Goffman, social interaction may be likened to a theater, and people in everyday life to actors on a stage, each playing a variety of roles. The audience consists of other individuals who observe the role-playing and react to the performances. In social interaction, like in theatrical performances, there is  a front stage region where the actors are on stage  before  an audience, and their consciousness of that audience and the audiences expectations for the role they should play influence the actors behavior. There is also a back region, or backstage, where individuals can relax, be themselves, and the role or identity that they play when they are in front of others. Central to the book and Goffmans theory is the idea that people, as they interact together in social settings, are constantly engaged in the process of impression management, wherein each tries to present themselves and behave in a way that will prevent the  embarrassment of themselves or others. This is primarily done by each person that is part of the interaction working to ensure that all parties have the same definition of the situation, meaning that all understand what is meant to happen in that situation, what to expect from the others involved, and thus how they themselves should behave. Though written over half a century ago,  The Presentation of Self in Everday Life  remains one of the most famous and widely taught sociology books, which was listed as the 10th most important sociology book of the twentieth century by the International Sociological Association in 1998. Performance Goffman uses the term ‘performance’ to refer to all the activity of an individual in front of a particular set of observers, or audience. Through this performance, the individual, or actor, gives meaning to themselves, to others, and to their situation. These performances deliver impressions to others, which communicates  information that confirms the identity of the actor in that situation. The actor may or may not be aware of their performance or have an objective for their performance, however, the audience is constantly attributing meaning to it and to the actor. Setting The setting for the performance includes the scenery, props, and location in which the interaction takes place. Different settings will have different audiences and will thus require the actor to alter his performances for each setting. Appearance Appearance functions to portray to the audience the performer’s social statuses. Appearance also tells us of the individual’s temporary social state or role, for example, whether he is engaging in work (by wearing a uniform), informal recreation, or a formal social activity. Here, dress and props serve to communicate things that have socially ascribed meaning, like gender, status, occupation, age, and personal commitments. Manner Manner refers to how the individual plays the role and functions to warn the audience of how the performer will act or seek to act in a  role (for example, dominant, aggressive, receptive, etc.). Inconsistency and contradiction between appearance and manner may occur and will confuse and upset an audience. This can happen, for example, when one does not present himself or behave in accordance with his perceived social status or position. Front The actor’s front, as labeled by Goffman, is the part of the individual’s performance which functions to define the situation for the audience. It is the image or impression he or she gives off to the audience. A social front can also be thought of like a script. Certain social scripts tend to become institutionalized in terms of the stereotyped expectations it contains. Certain situations or scenarios have social scripts that suggest how the actor should behave or interact in that situation. If the individual takes on a task or role that is new to him, he or she may find that there are already several well-established fronts among which he must choose. According to Goffman, when a task is given a new front or script, we rarely find that the script itself is completely new. Individuals commonly use pre-established scripts to follow for new situations, even if it is not completely appropriate or desired for that situation. Front Stage, Back Stage, and Off Stage In stage drama, as in everyday interactions, according to Goffman, there are three regions, each with different effects on an individual’s performance: front stage, backstage, and off-stage. The front stage is where the actor formally performs and adheres to conventions that have particular  meaning for the audience. The actor knows he or she is being watched and acts accordingly. When in the backstage  region, the actor may behave differently than when in front of the audience on the front stage. This is where the individual truly gets to be herself and get rid of the roles that she plays when she is in front of other people. Finally, the off-stage region is where individual actors meet the audience members independently of the team performance on the front stage. Specific performances may be given when the audience is segmented as such.

Case 7 Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

7 - Case Study Example CVS Corporation’s mission is to improve the livelihoods of its customers through innovation and provision of exceptional health and pharmacy services to enhance safety, affordability, and ease of access. The company’s economical audit performance will determine the devolution of its strategies. Other sources of funding, however, are to implement crucial strategies. The company’s strategic plans, however, are uncertain. Emergence of new Strategies that prove vital may call for refunding. The company aims at strengthening its position in the market. Despite the economic constraints experienced in the past two years, the company is still acquiring strategies to acquire new market. The company also intends to diversify its services in the market. Because of the high rate of technological growth in the world, the company intends to digitize its service delivery. Subsequent innovations aimed at improving the company’s performance will couple technological establishment. The implementation would be parallel to online sales for the company. The company identified a seasonal trend in their sales in the previous years. To counter that, the company aims at acquiring different companies. The companies will relate directly or indirectly to CVS. The company is developing strategies to enable it develop its own product brand. One of the objectives of CVS is to achieve a global expansion. This strategy implementation will enable CVS to venture into the foreign markets outside the U.S. This will be vital in the stabilization of the capital flow for the company. A license will be vital in this expansion for it will enable the company to take the full risk of the international market. Compared to the previous case study, this current study acquires the form of a business plan. The vision and objectives of the company provide an insight as to where the company is heading. The efforts required to achieve the company’s mission reflect the

DQ Questions 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DQ Questions 4 - Essay Example My focus would be on common stock (Bragg, 2011). Weighted average cost of capital is the cost based on relative significance of each source of capital. It is the product of the percentage contribution of each source of capital and percentage cost of each source. It therefore consists of debt, preferred stock, common stock, and their percentage contribution, and costs. It is more appropriate in capital budgeting because it gives accurate average values for each unit capital that it derives from the different sources. WACC informs organizations towards optimal cost of long-term capital through identifying unit costs (Bragg, 2011). Initial Public Offer defines an initial launch of a company’s shares, in the stock market, to the public. The offering company avails its share for purchase in return for cost of the stock. This allows an organization to grow financially because it creates cash inflow without material cash outflow from the offering company. Merger and acquisition is a more appropriate way to grow when growth prospects extend beyond finances to include expertise, market control, and property, among other resources (Bragg,

One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest Response to Literature Essay Example for Free

One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest Response to Literature Essay Society is a judgmental and rejecting place. It only allows uniform individuals to be in this society which discards anyone’s individuality and pride. In the novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, by Ken Kesey, Nurse Ratched alienates the patients’ individualities which only allows them to never progress in their mental health. The society rejects the people who are not normal. In this case, the people are the ones with mental disorders. Kesey’s anti-establishment point of view against society portrays that the government misuses power to manipulate society which leads to the suppression of individuality through the literary devices analogy, metaphor, and symbolism. Ken Kesey conveys his theme by vividly explaining the â€Å"pecking party†. As one of the treatments, Nurse Ratched holds group therapy for the patients. During the group therapy session, McMurphy notices that the Nurse ignites all the conflict at first so he explains, â€Å"The flock gets sight of a spot of blood on some chicken and they all go to peckin’ at it† (Kesey 57). McMurphy is trying to explain the abusiveness of Nurse Ratched’s power. This analogy supports Kesey’s message of how society rejects and leads to the suppression of individuals. Kesey uses the chickens to represent the patients and the â€Å"first peck† would represent Nurse Ratched because she manipulates an individual which causes uneasiness to the patient which will never be the cure for one who is mental to get better. After McMurphy goes on about the pecking party, he says one more thing to Harding about the pecking party, â€Å"You want to know who pecks that first peck? † (58). McMurphy’s rhetorical question signifies his opinion even more. This allows not only Harding, but the rest of the patients to see how Nurse Ratched is just another person and how they should not let her take complete control over them. Kesey furthers his analogy after the pecking party image because it reveals and justifies who really does â€Å"peck that first peck†. This relates to the theme because Nurse Ratched represents the government while the patients represent society; concluding that the government continuously pecks at the individuals who feel that they are not a part of society. Overall, the pecking party is an analogy of how society suppresses one’s individuality because to be an individual one must â€Å"get better† like the patients attempt to do; but all they are doing are taking steps back due to Nurse Ratched. In One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, Kesey demonstrates his use of metaphors through machinery comparisons to portray the theme of suppression of an individual. When Bromden characterizes Nurse Ratched he says, â€Å"So she really lets herself go and her painted smile twists, stretches to an open snarl, and she blows up bigger and bigger, big as a tractor, so big I can smell the machinery inside the way you smell a motor pulling too big a load. † (5). Bromden sees Nurse Ratched as machinery and not as a human being. This supports the fact that the ward is like a factory, just waiting to make patients into â€Å"products†. Kesey uses metaphor to compare Nurse Ratched to machinery because this describes her persona perfectly. Like a machine, Nurse Ratched is very smooth and calm about things at first but like every machine there are flaws. When Nurse Ratched meets her flaws, that is when things begin to go haywire like a machine. It can either breakdown or malfunction but it is always repairable. When Bromden has the dream about Blastic, he thinks â€Å"†¦I was looking to see – just a shower of rust and ashes, and now and again a piece of wire or glass† (88). The significance of Bromden’s dream is that it represents how the ward is inhumane because â€Å"a shower of rust and ashes† fell out of Blastic’s body instead of human organs. Kesey exemplifies metaphor through Bromden’s dream by explaining how society’s standards of being â€Å"accepted† can transform one to be inhumane and to lose their individuality. Overall, these comparisons relate to the theme having the machines represent a form of government, standing in the way, or suppressing, the individual, or society. This can support the main theme that society abuses their power to manipulate and suppress the individuality of others. Fog is used by Kesey to demonstrate them and to symbolize the aloneness and individuality of a patient. Bromden describes the effects of fog when he thinks, â€Å"I don’t have to end up at that door if I stay still when the fog comes over me and just keep quiet† (132). This explains how much control Nurse Ratched had over the patients. It demonstrates how something like fog takes away their individuality be they â€Å"just keep quiet†. The fog symbolizes a safe zone and aloneness for the patients because Nurse Ratched had so much authority over the patients that it was like a crib holding them while she was out. Kesey’s theme is supported in this because society takes away individuality as well as fog does. One characteristic they both share is the way they manipulate and abuse their power. Bromden also thinks about fog when he said, â€Å"You had a choice: you could either strain and look at things that appeared in front of you in the fog, painful as it might be, or you could relax and lose yourself† (131). Bromden describes how the patients were almost forced to be in the fog because â€Å"you could relax and lose yourself† and that the time that is all the patients really want. The fog also symbolizes a scapegoat for the patients so they don’t have to face all the challenges ahead because â€Å"you had a choice†. A simple break from everything, especially Nurse Ratched. This furthers Kesey’s message of how the fog is another form of control from Nurse Ratched, in which she abuses her power by manipulating her patients so they cannot get better. Ken Kesey uses analogy, metaphor, and symbolism to demonstrate how society uses their power to manipulate others which leads to a suppressed individual. He uses examples from the ward to compare the real outside world with a mental asylum. This world and society focus too much on how to fit in and it has become more of a moral thing to fit in than to be one’s self. Kesey blames it on the establishment that people are suppressed of their individuality, but is that really true? It has become a custom rather than a rule and that needs to change; and it starts from being a leader and an individual rather than a follower. The real story of individuals is not within the establishment, but it is within a person. To express that is to depending on the person and that is the problem in our society, no one likes to be that person to step up and be the first to go. But if someone were to do it, our society would change instantly.

Huck Finn - Jim :: essays research papers

Throughout all of his adventures Jim shows compassion as his most prominent trait. He makes the reader aware of his many superstitions and Jim exhibits gullibility in the sense that he Jim always assumes the other characters in the book will not take advantage of him. One incident proving that Jim acts naive occurs halfway through the novel, when the Duke first comes into the scene "By right I am a duke! Jim’s eyes bugged out when he heard that..." In the novel, Huck Finn, one can legitimately prove that compassion, superstitious and gullibility illustrate Jim’s character perfectly. To begin with, among the many characteristics of Jim, his compassionate nature shows throughout the book. When Huck and Jim come across the floating boathouse, Jim finds a dead man inside. He advises Huck not to look as he says, "It’s a dead man... dead two er three days... come in Huck, but doan’ look at his face." At the end of the book the reader finds out that the dead man turns out as Huck’s father. Further on down the river, Huck and Jim engage in a deep conversation. Jim speaks of the family he feels he has left behind. Jim tries hard to save up all his money in hopes of buying back his wife and children when he becomes a free man. He expresses that he feels terrible for leaving behind his family and misses them very much. As a result, Huck feels responsible and guilty for ruining Jim’s freedom. Huck decides that he wants to reveal the truth, that Jim really isn’t a free man. His conscience tells him not to and instead he fi nds himself helping Jim rather than giving him up. Jim feels so thankful to Huck when he says ". . .it’s all on account of Huck, I’s a free man, ... you’s the best friend Jim’s ever had..." Even further along, Huck becomes separated from Jim and living at the Grangerford’s. Huck doesn’t know if he’ll ever see Jim again. He also doesn’t realize Jim has found a hiding spot not very far away. He asks one of the Grangferford’s slaves about Huck’s condition and how well the lifestyle of the Grangerfords suites him. A slave reunites Jim and Huck and Huck proceeds to ask, "Why didn’t you tell my Jack to fetch me here sooner, Jim?" Jim replies, "Well, ‘twarn’t no use to ‘sturb you, Huck.

Final Thesis

The key in identifying the marketing strength of Safeguard is its history. Being the first in the market as a germicidal soap is the foundation of its success. Procter and Gamble (P&G) has been consistent on its marketing strategy by rumoring the brand through advertising, sales promotion and public relations as family soap and life saving hygiene habit among is consumers. Safeguard has been dominating the market for over 40 years. The Core Of its market as the soap of the Entire family gives the broader range of target market.Clinical tests show that Safeguard reduces bacterial skin count by 99. 3%. In 1 966 Safeguard goes international, and launches in the Philippines. Today they're in 15 international markets and counting! The first of many scientific studies proving the efficacy of Safeguard is published in 1967. In this groundbreaking study, research showed that Safeguard reduces skin infections by 44. For the rest of the decade, Safeguard continues to Outperform leading soaps i n the market with its unique combination of effective germ protection and mildness.In the sass's, Safeguard transforms into the perfect bar soap to protect the whole family. â€Å"Richer, Livelier Lather Safeguard -? The Perfect Family Soap† with coconut oil. In 1 989 Safeguard partnered with Philippine Association of Medical Technologists (PAMELA) for the first â€Å"Hangdog Eng Safeguard: Methods Eng Kinshasa† Scholarship Program. For more than 20 years, Safeguard and PAMELA have worked together to promote health and hygiene education mongo Filipino families. Together, they have taught countless Filipinos the importance of hand washing to protect families from germs and diseases.In the sass's Safeguard reaches more families than ever around the world as the brand is launched in international markets including China and Pakistan In 1 992 Safeguard introduces its first Liquid Antibacterial Soap. In 1966 Safeguard goes international, and launches in the Philippines. Tod ay they're in 15 international markets and counting! By the sass's Safeguard becomes the largest anti-bacterial soap in the world with a steady stream of innovations including Body Wash (2004), Liquid Hand Soap (2010) and Hand Sanitized (201 1) Safeguard has been No. Soap brand in the Philippines for decades. Its brand promise of superior skin germ protection has kept families healthy and germ free for generations. But in 201 3, that position was under threat because of changing consumer attitudes. The Filipinos' triggers for soap were changing especially those teenagers who are prone to acne. They were no longer satisfied by simply protection. They are looking for a soap that will make them beautiful as celebrities. So Safeguard created a new product which is Safeguard Dermal soap that helps teenagers gets rid Of it.But aside from increase of hormones, dirt and pollution are also cause of acne. So Safeguard created a brand-breaking news service focused on hygiene risk. Family on Gu ard partnered with media network, ABS-CB used real news to help both parents in protecting their family. This made them realize that using safeguard as skin germ protection is important. And Sales grew by nearly $mm during the campaign, helping to sell an extra 14 million bars of Safeguard in just six months. II STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Nowadays there are so many diseases that spreading in this world.For us, health is one of the most important things. So we need to protect our health and keep ourselves from viral diseases. However there are currently so many germicidal soaps. It is difficult to determine what is true from what is fake. To know how media marketing affects the buying behavior Of the consumers, We need to consider these problems. 1 What kind of soap the respondents are using mostly? 2 Where do buyers usually purchase Safeguard soap? 3 What do buyers think on the pricing of Safeguard soap? 4 What type of media marketing of Safeguard soap is the most effective to the buy ers?Ill OBJECTIVES A GENERAL OBJECTIVE The objective of this research is to identify the strength of Safeguard germicidal soap. And on how its media marketing influence the buying behavior of selected GET, CEDE, and CASE freshmen students of New Era university. B SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES Know the opinions of consumers for the Safeguard soap according to its usage. Know where buyers usually purchase Safeguard soap. Know the opinions of consumers on the pricing of Safeguard soap. Know the most effective media marketing of Safeguard soap to the buyers.IV HYPOTHESIS There is no significant relation between the consumers and the media racketing of Safeguard germicidal soap in the buying behavior. V CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Conceptual framework is a type of intermediate theory that has the potential to connect all the aspects of inquiry to our research. Conceptual frameworks give coherence to our empirical inquiry. Because conceptual frameworks are potentially so close to empirical inquiry, they t ake different forms depending upon our research in our questions or problem.A research paradigm of the influence of safeguard soap media marketing in the buying behavior of selected freshmen students GET, CASE, CEDE in new era university was nationalized by the researcher to know the possible help will be provide by the researcher in the buying behavior of the selected freshmen in new era university. Through this we came up to potential output: Due to health benefits of safeguard soap, costumers do purchase the product, Prizing of Safeguard soap is affordable for every consumer, Consumers can buy safeguard soap twice a month as they needed.Through this study, we will be able to understand how Safeguard soap media marketing can influence teenagers when it comes to hygiene and how advertisements affect the youths purchasing decision. For the Company of Safeguard Soap: Know how their advertisements affect their customers' purchasing behavior. Know the possible action they can use again st their competitors. Know what strategies they can use to attract loyal customers. Be an instrument of innovation for their new product. Make higher sales for their company.For the Customers: Customers will enjoy more the benefits Of safeguard soap if the company innovates or creates a new product. Customers will be informed on how Safeguard soap different from other soap. And make many purchase decisions easier. The customers will determine how advertisements really effect ones behavior. For the School Administration: Partial fulfillment of the requirements in the marketing research subject Can be use as a guide for undergraduate students in their marketing research subject. Can be use for the library as a reference.Help the marketing department of the school about promotional strategies. Make students more knowledgeable about the P Corporation. For the Future Researchers: use this as a reference in conducting other research studies. Help future researchers to come up with better recommendations. Use this as a source of information about how media marketing influence Ones buying behavior. This study focuses on the consumers' exposure to Safeguard Germicidal soap advertisements, and how its media marketing influence the freshmen GET, CEDE, and CASE student of New Era University.This research was conducted during the month of July to October 2014 at New Era University. The targeted group of respondents for this research are female and male freshmen students whose weekly allowances may range below 500 to 1000 and above. The researchers choose the female and male freshmen students as the respondent. Since the respondents are freshmen and young, there's an instant that they become unconscious to their hygiene. The researcher interests how these respondents become conscious and affect their buying behaviors.The researchers consider this amount due to the level of lives of the respondents. This research considered the freshmen students of College of Engineering Tec hnology and College of Education, due to their very concentrated studies. These kind of students sometimes forgot to take care of their self, especially to their hygiene, that fact caught the attention of the researchers. This research considered also the students of College of Arts And Sciences. The researcher knows that the student in this college is practiced to care their hygiene, which also caught the attention of the researcher.

Chipotle Grill Case Study Essay

What does a SWOT analysis reveal about the attractiveness of Chipotle Mexican Grill’s situation and future prospects? There are a lot of things about Chipotle that have kept them successful in previous years. Opportunities and strengths depict that presently the company has a strong and positive image in its established markets which is mainly in the U.S., U.K. and Canada. Strong brand recognition drives the company. Customer loyalty allows a long-term positive impact to Chipotle, which enhances company value. Targeting a group who is health conscious, environment friendly and loves Mexican fast food keeps Chipotle on the forefront of success. Chipotle has an extensive line of nutritionally balanced menu items derived from both organic and naturally raised ingredients. This idea led to the concept of â€Å"Food with Integrity† (Gamble, Thompson, Jr., & Peteraf, 2015, p. 303). Chipotle’s reputation encases ethical and charitable standards along with healthy choice s for the consumer. Chipotle is â€Å"company-owned†, not a franchise so maintaining integrity is easier. Customers may choose to dine-in, take-out, and even order online to pick-up in the restaurant. These options have strengthened the company by offering convenience and availability to the customer. The brand also has a bright future in the untapped regions and with ample scope of introducing new food items in its menu. The creator of Chipotle came up with five core elements in which to base the strategy of the establishment: †¢Serving a focused menu †¢High quality, reasonably priced, convenient menu items †¢Operational efficiency †¢Friendly staff †¢Awareness and respect for the environment Chipotle’s Strategy Chipotle’s strategy is one of differentiation. Specific types of food that can be produced through local, environmentally conscious, farmers at an affordable price point is a primary goal. Offering natural food raised from local, organic vendors that customers respect yet still at an affordable, fast food price, creates a stand apart from the competition. Another way Chipotle differentiates from the competition is through human resource practices. People from all ethnicities are brought together to bridge cultural and linguistic gaps between both employees and customers. Chipotle  has a team dedicated to empowering, educating, and training employees to increase internal promotions, cultural sensitivity, and communication skills. The company prides itself on hiring from within and providing employees with opportunities to grow. The key element of Chipotle’s strategy is â€Å"Food with integrity† (Gamble, Thompson, Jr., & Peteraf, 2015, p. 303). Sourcing supplies from natural, organic, and sustainable, and environmentally friendly growers/producers is an essential strategy is maintaining market standing. Not many restaurant chains, if any, can say they are consistent in this practice, which makes Chipotle rise above the rest. More and more people are making the choice to choose to eat healthier which makes Chipotle an excellent choice and places them in a strategic place in the fast food industry. With more healthy choices than other fast food establishments such as Taco Bell, consumers are more likely to choose Chipotle. Another key element to the strategic plan is operating efficiently in an aesthetically pleasing environment. Even though it is fast food, Chipotle doesn’t offer a fast food setting when dining in. With a modern theme of bamboo or stained concrete flooring, pendulum lighting, and outdoor patios where available, Chipotle has reduced the cost of building and maintaining new establishments but still managed to keep the aesthetically pleasing, not-so-fast food ambiance. How does Chipotle Mexican Grill’s competitive strength compare against that of Taco Bell, Qdoba Mexican Grill, and Moe’s Southwest Grill? Chipotle is not as visibly prominent here in the South as it is in other states compared to Qdoba Mexican Grill, but more so than Moe’s Southwestern Grill. In recent months, Chipotle expanded into the Memphis area in the Poplar/I-240 area in a new shopping center near Target and Best Buy, surrounded by a variety of other restaurants and businesses. Chipotle, Qdoba, and Moe’s all strive for market presence by positioning themselves in areas convenient to shopping centers, in strip malls, and near business centers. They are equal in the â€Å"Employment Practices† category as all strive to promote from within and offer strict training and development programs focusing on expanded knowledge through certification processes. The differences that stand out, allowing Chipotle to excel strategically are in Customer Service, Menu Selection, and Quality. Chipotle prides itself on  having a genuine concern for the patron by hiring individuals from all walks of life and et hnicities. Whatever language a customer speaks, or ethnic background they are from, there is probably a Chipotle team member who can connect with them to walk them through the dining experience. Qdoba Mexican Grill and Moe’s Southwestern Grill have attempted to connect through customer service and experience but are not making as strong of a head wave as is Chipotle. There is truly a unique dining experience to talk about at Chipotle that draws patrons back for more. The menu selection at Chipotle consists of the highest quality natural and organic selections from local growers and farmers. Fresh sweet corn, organically grown cilantro, organic chili and pablano peppers, grass-fed beef, and free-range chicken are just a sampling of the examples of quality raw ingredients used by Chipotle Mexican Grill. Through high measurements of sustainability in sourcing of these raw ingredients to construction of each restaurant, Chipotle has easily earned a 10 in this category regardless of the price point associated with the final product. The quality of the food served at Chipotle is always above par. The cooking methods allow flavorful, robust, creations to be made in a short amount of time without damaging the integrity of the raw materials. Through consistent accuracy and quality measures, aesthetically pleasing plating is also displayed with each order, down to the containers in which to-go orders are placed. What does an analysis of the data in case Exhibit 1 reveal about Chipotle’s financial and operating performance? Financial201220112010 Asset Turnover1.6371.5921.637 Inventory Turnover179.4188.6189.7 Liquidity Quick Ratio1.8162.6021.873 Current Ratio2.9253.1833.301 Investments/Shareholders Earnings Per Share8.846.885.76 Profitability Gross Profit Margin27.1%26.0%26.7% Operating Profit Margin16.7%15.4%15.7% Net Profit Margin10.2%9.5%9.7% Return on Capital22.3%20.6%22.1% The inventory turnover ratio shows that they are able to turn over their inventory very quickly. The asset turnover ratio shows that they are able to convert their assets into sales. Their liquidity ratios are good because above 1 is good and above 2 is even better. Their Earnings Per Share show that the company is trending to increase profitability and their shareholders should see an increase in value. The profitability margins have been able to grow over the past years. The financial well being of Chipotle is stable and improving. Unless something drastic occurs, anticipating the rise in revenue and value years from now, a positive future will be in store for Chipotle. Key Strategic Issues Chipotle has many strengths that make it an attractive company but they also have some weaknesses. In recent years, competitors have started offering healthier menu options at lower price points. Taco Bell’s cantina menu is much like the Chipotle brand in which it offers more of a lighter southwestern flare than traditional Mexican dishes. The menu pricing at Chipotle is higher but is due much in part by the use of organic and natural selections, some of which are difficult to obtain in winter months. With difficult growing seasons across the United States, Chipotle may have to choose to change their menu in winter months. With limited menu items and ingredients that have price volatility it may not be a smooth establishment in new states and countries. Competitors are the largest threat to Chipotle. As previously stated, other fast food restaurants are adding lighter fare to their menu at a lower price that Chipotle. With the continued high costs of natural and organic menu o ptions, menu prices may have to change to keep margins stable. Another impact to the bottom line could be rising healthcare costs that may require a shift in employment for many restaurants. Chipotle has multiple opportunities to expand into other states as well as internationally. With locations in the District of Columbia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and France, Chipotle managers should be well versed in the workings of International business management. With expansion into other countries and the continued use of locally grown and raised staples, Chipotle would stand to make substantial profits in countries like  China and India. Adding ingredients indigenous to each local area would promote the brand customers have grown to admire. As restaurants like Taco Bell and On the Border sell their products in grocery stores, Chipotle could follow suite and add profit to their bottom line. Restaurants like Swanky’s Taco Shop have alcohol and beer on the menu, now so does Chipotle in some states. Continuing this growth in other states would be a plus for growth as well.

The Main Engineering Branches

The Main Engineering Branches Engineers apply scientific principles to design or develop structures, equipment, or processes. Engineering encompasses several disciplines. Traditionally, the main branches of engineering are chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering, but there are many other areas of specialization. Key Takeaways: Branches of Engineering Engineering is a huge discipline. In general, an engineer applies scientific knowledge to solve practical problems and design equipment and processes.Engineering students typically study one of the main branches of engineering: chemical, electrical, civil, and mechanical.Many more disciplines are available, with more described over time. Examples include aerospace engineering and computer engineering. Here is a summary of the main branches of engineering: Acoustical Engineering Engineering concerned with the analysis and control of vibration, particularly sound vibrations. Aerospace Engineering Aerospace engineering deals with aeronautics and astronautic engineering, including the design and analysis of aircraft, satellites,  and spacecraft. Agricultural Engineering This branch of engineering deals with farm machinery and structures, natural resources, bioenergy and farm power systems. Sub-disciplines include food engineering, aquaculture, and bioprocess engineering. Automotive Engineering Automotive engineers are involved in the design, manufacture, and performance of cars and trucks. Biological Engineering Biological engineering is applied biology and medicine. It includes biomedical engineering, biochemical engineering, protein engineering, genetic engineering, and tissue engineering. Biomedical Engineering Biomedical engineering is an interdisciplinary specialty that applies engineering principles to medical and biological problems and systems. This discipline commonly deals with medical therapies, monitoring devices, and diagnostic tools. Chemical Engineering Chemical engineering (CE) applies chemistry to develop new materials and processes to convert materials into useful products. Civil Engineering Civil engineering (CE) is one of the oldest forms of engineering. Civil engineering pertains to the discipline pertaining to the design, construction, analysis, and maintenance of structures, both natural and man-made, including bridge, roads, dams, and buildings. Sub-disciplines of civil engineering may include construction engineering, materials engineering, control engineering, structural engineering, urban engineering, municipal engineering, biomechanics, and surveying. Computer Engineering Computer engineering integrates computer science with electrical engineering to develop and analyze circuits, microprocessors, and computers. Computer engineers tend to focus more on hardware while software engineers traditionally focus on programming and software design. Electrical Engineering Electrical engineering (EE) involves the study and application of electricity and electronics. Some consider computer engineering and software engineering to be subdisciplines of electrical engineering. Electronic engineering, optical engineering, power engineering, control engineering, and telecommunications engineering are EE specialities. Energy Engineering Energy engineering is a multidisciplinary engineering field that integrates aspects of mechanical, chemical, and electrical engineering to address alternative energy, energy efficiency, plant engineering, environmental compliance, and related technologies. Engineering Management Engineering management combines engineering and management principles to develop and assess business practices. These engineers help plan and administrate businesses from their inception through operation. They are involved in product development, design engineering, construction, manufacturing, and marketing. Environmental Engineering Environmental engineering works to prevent or remediate pollution or to maintain or improve the natural environment. This includes water, land, and air resources. Related disciplines are industrial hygiene and environmental engineering law. Industrial Engineering Industrial engineering pertains to the design and study of logistics and industrial resources. Types of industrial engineering include safety engineering, construction engineering, manufacturing engineering, textile engineering, reliability engineering, component engineering, and systems engineering. Manufacturing Engineering Manufacturing engineering designs, studies and develops machines, tool, manufacturing processes, and equipment. Mechanical Engineering Mechanical engineering (ME) may be considered the mother of all engineering branches. Mechanical engineering applies physical principles and materials science to the design, manufacture, and analysis of mechanical systems. Mechatronics Mechatronics combines mechanical engineering and electrical engineering, frequently in the analysis of automated systems. Robotics, avionics, and instrumentation engineering may be considered types of mechatronics. Nanoengineering Nanoengineering is the application of engineering on the vastly miniaturized or nanoscopic scale. Nuclear Engineering Nuclear engineering is the practical application of nuclear processes, such as those used to produce and harness nuclear power. Petroleum Engineering Petroleum engineers apply scientific principles to detect, drill and extract crude oil and natural gas. Types of petroleum engineering includes drilling engineering, reservoir engineering, and production engineering. Structural Engineering Structural engineering pertains to the design and analysis of load-bearing structures and supports. In many cases, this is a subdiscipline of civil engineering, but structural engineering also applies to other structures, such as vehicles and machinery. Vehicle Engineering Engineering pertaining to design, manufacture, and operation of vehicles and their components. Branches of vehicle engineering include naval architecture, automotive engineering, and aerospace engineering. There are many more engineering branches, with more being developed all the time as new technologies develop. Many undergraduates start out seeking degrees in mechanical, chemical, civil, or electrical engineering and develop specializations through internships, employment, and advanced education.